Friday, May 24, 2013

163 - Ainda há Socialistas Competentes na Europa

Começam a tornar-se raros, mas ainda sobram uns quantos, daqueles que ajudaram a lançar a união dos países europeus, a começar a fazer uma Europa que possa resistir à globalização sem perder os seus valores.
Gerhard Schröder, antigo chanceler da Alemanha e Jacques Delors, antigo Presidente da Comissão Europeia, contribuem agora com os seus conselhos - num artigo no International Herald Tribune - para que o investimento no futuro de todos, não se perca pela incompetência de alguns.
É um artigo oportuno, sobre as relações entre a democracia, o emprego e o crescimento na Europa. Particularmente quando socialistas de vários países, por ignorância, hipocrisia ou tacticismo político de vistas curtas, confundem as causas e as consequências da crise económica. Por um lado, esquecem-se que sem as reformas nacionais dos respectivos estados sociais, estes não conseguirão sobreviver; que sem o equilíbrio entre receita e despesa, nenhum país tem credibilidade; que os parceiros da União já definiram claramente e por tratado, que nenhum país pode esperar viver de transferências financeiras à custa dos outros. Por outro lado, por muito gravosas que sejam as consequências para as pessoas, para as famílias e para as empresas, provocadas pelo desemprego, pelas reduções de salários, pelos aumentos de impostos, pela redução do consumo interno, usar este pesadelo como chantagem - sem ter nenhuma alternativa racional - contra as medidas que tentam resolver as causas destes problemas, é duma grande falta de responsabilidade.
Como escrevem Schröder e Delors, a crise dos últimos anos empurrou a Europa para uma maior integração:
“The economic turmoil of the past several years has pushed Europe toward greater integration, starting with financial stabilization and a banking union that is still a work in progress. Everyone now recognizes that a single currency zone without a common fiscal policy invites the kind of crisis we have all been experiencing. Europe has reached this stage grudgingly and with great strain, through agreements among national government leaders in which many see the largest and most powerful states as undemocratically foisting their policies on the rest. (…)”
Todavia, começam a aparecer partidos e movimentos que acreditam em soluções e nacionalismos retrógrados: 
"We are now seeing the worrying rise of political parties and movements whose supporters seem to think nationalist assertion will free them from the common imperatives of governing Europe, or who believe protectionism will enable them to escape addressing Europe’s lack of competitiveness. (...)”
As lições que se devem aprender das reformas que já tiveram lugar na Europa, são: primeiro, que estas levam tempo para produzir resultados, o que pode ser problemático para políticos que enfrentam eleições; segundo, as reformas estruturais só funcionam com crescimento e a Alemanha deve agora ajudar os países em dificuldade que fizeram progressos na restruturação das suas finanças, como Portugal, caso contrário as economias nacionais correm o risco de serem estranguladas pela austeridade:
"There are several lessons to be learned from the reform efforts we have seen so far in Europe. First: There is a gap between the time the painful decisions are made and the time when the reforms take effect. This can — as in Germany — take up to five years. It can be problematic for politicians when elections take place during this time span, as we’ve just seen in Italy. Second: Structural reforms can only work in conjunction with growth. (…) Germany must now give its European partners this same opportunity. Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spain have made progress in restructuring their finances. Cyprus will also have to go this route. The economic and political situation in these countries also shows that savings alone is not a means for overcoming the crisis. On the contrary: There is a risk that national economies will be quasi-strangled by the strict austerity policy." 
Há necessidade de solidariedade entre os parceiros europeus, assim como há compatibilidade entre austeridade e crescimento:
"To the degree that they are making structural reforms, they also need help, as these countries show. There must always be a correlation between the willingness to engage in structural reforms on the one hand and the willingness to show solidarity on the other. There is no ‘either growth or austerity.’ We are convinced that the two can be combined in a meaningful way — they must be combined. We need budgetary discipline; we need structural reforms; but we must also add growth components to the austerity program. A key area here is the fight against youth unemployment in Europe. We cannot accept that a “lost generation” is growing up in Europe because in many countries more than half of the young people are without jobs. European leaders attending the Berggruen Institute’s ‘town hall’ meeting in Paris on Tuesday will address this issue with a proposed “new deal for Europe.” This is where the responsibility of the German government can come in. (…) Therefore, we need a large-scale program to tackle youth unemployment in Europe. (…)" 

As próximas eleições para o Parlamento Europeu darão aos cidadãos uma voz no nosso futuro comum. Pela primeira vez o Presidente da Comissão será eleito pelo Parlamento, o que lhe dará uma nova legitimidade democrática:
"Beyond this, the May 2014 elections for the European Parliament present the opportunity to give all European citizens a voice in our common future. For the first time since the founding of the EU, the strongest parties of the new Parliament will be able to select the executive leadership of Europe — the president of the European Commission. (…) If European citizens participate robustly in this election, the new commission president will have the same democratic legitimacy accorded any national leader in a parliamentary system. The vacuum of authority that has existed at the European level because legitimacy was lacking — and thus the incapacity to take effective action on behalf of all European citizens — will be filled. (…) Europe can work again if governments, trade unions, business and civil society all join together to support a new initiative on youth unemployment and the 2014 efforts to bring greater democracy and legitimacy to European government."
O artigo termina com a evidência que a Europa pode voltar a funcionar se os governos, os sindicatos, as empresas e a sociedade civil se juntarem para apoiar o nova iniciativa para o emprego dos jovens e 2014 trouxer mais democracia e maior legitimidade ao governo Europeu.
JSR

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